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a place of entrance

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1 introitus

1.
intrŏĭtus, a, um, Part., from introeo.
2.
intrŏĭtus, ūs, m. [introeo], a going in or into, an entering, entrance (class.).
I.
Lit.:
nocturnus introitus Zmyrnam quasi in hostium urbem,
Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:
militum,
Caes. B. C. 1, 21:
in urbem,
id. Dom. 28:
sol in Geminos introitum facit,
enters, Col. 11, 2, 43:
primo statim introitu,
at his very first entrance, Tac. H. 1, 31:
aliquem introitu prohibere,
Cic. Caecin. 13:
cujus in Graeciam,
Just. 2, 11, 1:
introitum alicujus rei pellere,
to keep a thing from entering, Plin. 20, 9, 39, § 101.—With in and abl. (rare):
sol introitum in Cancro facit,
Col. 11, 2, 49.—
2.
Esp., the mouth of a river, its entrance into another:
Averni,
Sil. 13, 398; also as the entrance to it from the sea (cf. B. infra):
Indi,
Plin. 12, 12, 25, § 41 al. —
B.
Transf., a place of entrance, passage:
ad omnes introitus, qua adiri poterat,
Cic. Caecin. 8:
omnes introitus erant praeclusi,
Caes. B. G. 5, 9:
clandestinus,
Suet. Ner. 48:
aures duros et quasi corneolos habere introitus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57:
portus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 39, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31, § 80:
aedis,
Nep. Paus. 5, 3:
ad ipsum introitum exspectare macelli,
Juv. 11, 10. —In the abl.:
INTROITO,
Inscr. Orell. 2103. —
II.
Trop.
A.
An entering, entrance upon an office or into a society:
certum aliquid pro introitu dare,
Plin. Ep. 10, 113:
sacerdotii,
Suet. Claud. 9:
militiam illam cum introitu comparari volo,
i. e. entrancemoney, Dig. 32, 1, 102.—
B.
A beginning, introduction, prelude (syn.:
principium, exordium, prooemium): fabulae Clodianae,
Cic. Att. 1, 18:
defensionis,
id. Cael. 2, 3:
in introitu hujus operis,
Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 141.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > introitus
2 atrium

ātrĭum, ii, n. [acc. to Scaliger, from aithrion, subdiale, since it was a part of the uncovered portion of the house (but the atrium of the Romans was always covered); acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll., from the Tuscan town Atria, where this style of architecture originated; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 13 Müll.; and Müller, Etrusk. 1, p. 254 sq.; but better from ater, acc. to the explanation of Servius: ibi etiam culina erat, unde et atrium dictum est; atrum enim erat ex fumo, ad Verg. A. 1, 730].
I.
The fore-court, hall, entrance-room, entry; that part of the Roman house into which one first came after passing the entrance (janua); cf. Vitr. 6, 4; O. Müller, Archaeol. III. § 293, and Etrusk. above cited. In earlier times, the atrium was used as a dining-room, Cato ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 726. Here stood, opposite the door, the lectus genialis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 87;
here sat the housewife with her maidens spinning,
Arn. adv. Gent. 2, 67;
here clients were in attendance,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 31; Juv. 7, 7 and 91;
and here hung the family portraits and other paintings,
Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 55; Mart. 2, 90; Val. Max. 5, 8, 3; Vulg. Matt. 26, 58; ib. Marc. 14, 54; ib. Joan. 18, 15 al.— Poet. in the plur., of a single atrium:
Apparet domus intus et atria longa patescunt,
Verg. A. 2, 483; so Ov. M. 14, 260; Juv. 8, 20 al.— Meton. for the house itself:
nec capient Phrygias atria nostra nurus,
Ov. H. 16, 184; id. M. 13, 968.—So of the entrance-room in the dwelling of the gods: dextrā laevāque deorum Atria nobilium (as it were clients, v. supra) valvis celebrantur apertis, Ov. M. 1, 172; Stat. Th. 1, 197.—
II.
In temples and other public buildings there was often an atrium, a hall, court:
in atrio Libertatis,
Cic. Mil. 22, 59; Liv. 25, 7; 45, 15; Tac. H. 1, 31; Suet. Aug. 29:
Vestae,
Plin. Ep. 7, 19, 2;
also called atrium regium,
Liv. 26, 27; cf. Ov. F. 6, 263; id. Tr. 3, 1, 30:
atrium tabernaculi,
Vulg. Exod. 27, 9; ib. Lev. 6, 26:
in atriis Domūs Dei,
ib. Psa. 91, 14; 134, 2;
Smith, Dict. Antiq.—So atrium auctionarium,
an auction-hall, auction-room, Cic. Agr. 1, 3; so Inscr. Orell. 3439; and absol., atria:
cum desertis Aganippes Vallibus esuriens migraret in atria Clio,
Juv. 7, 7. Such halls were the Atria Licinia, Cic. Quinct. 6, 25: ATRIVM SVTORIVM, the shoemakers' hall, a place in Rome, Calend. Praenest. Inscr. Orell. II. 386.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > atrium
3 ingressus

ingressus, ūs, m. [id.], a going into, entering, an entrance.
I.
Lit.:
Antonii in castra,
Vell. 2, 63, 2:
turba ad ingressum tuum te consalutavit,
Plin. Pan. 5, 4; 22 fin.:
haec in ipso ingressu meo (sc. in provinciam) scripsi,
Plin. Ep. ad Traj. 17, 4.— Esp.
B.
A hostile entrance, inroad:
ingressus hostiles,
Tac. A. 15, 3.—
C.
A going, walking, gait:
ingressus, cursus, accubitio, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 94:
prohiberi ingressu,
were prevented from moving, could not stir a step, Caes. B. C. 1, 84; cf.:
instabilemque ingressum praebere,
Liv. 24, 34, 15; so,
praebere ingressum,
Front. Stat. 3, 7, 4:
quaedam terrae ad ingressus tremunt,
Plin. 2, 94, 96, § 209:
celsior,
id. 11, 16, 16, § 51. —
II.
Transf., the way into a place, entrance, passage:
trini ingressus,
Prud. Psych. 843; cf.:
vulgus quod Horatius arcet ingressu,
Aus. Edyll. 6 ep. —
III.
Trop., an entering upon any thing, beginning, commencement:
in ingressu,
Quint. 9, 4, 72:
in ingressu (causae) ac fine,
id. 8 prooem. §
7: in ingresssu operis,
id. 10, 1, 48:
ingressus capere,
Verg. G. 4, 316:
Cannensis pugnae temerarius ingressus,
Val. Max. 4, 5, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ingressus
4 prima

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;
but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
I.
In gen.:
qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:
primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:
verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:
primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:
primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:
primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:
primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:
in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:
in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:
in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:
primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
II.
In partic.
A.
In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:
in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:
digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:
dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:
ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:
primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:
sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:
luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:
primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:
primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:
me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:
fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:
quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:
prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:
multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:
in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:
hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:
id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:
equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:
qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
B.
First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:
princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:
sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:
homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:
primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:
juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:
est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:
urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:
praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:
suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:
otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:
peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:
primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:
primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:
actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:
amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:
si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:
primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:
homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:
oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:
homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §
68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:
in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:
in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
A.
prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.
1.
In gen.:
aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:
neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:
primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:
Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:
contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
2.
With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:
primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:
primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:
primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:
primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:
primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:
haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:
dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:
primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:
primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:
primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:
primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:
neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
3.
(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:
primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:
primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:
primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
B.
prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).
1.
In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:
Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:
primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:
primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:
primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:
primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:
primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
2.
Without other adverbs.
(α).
In gen.:
quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:
te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
(β).
Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:
primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
3.
With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
(α).
Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:
ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:
ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:
simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:
tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
(β).
Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):
post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
(γ).
With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):
primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:
omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:
primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
(δ).
With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:
hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:
quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
* C.
prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
D.
prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > prima
5 primumdum

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;
but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
I.
In gen.:
qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:
primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:
verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:
primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:
primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:
primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:
primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:
in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:
in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:
in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:
primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
II.
In partic.
A.
In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:
in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:
digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:
dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:
ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:
primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:
sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:
luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:
primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:
primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:
me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:
fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:
quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:
prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:
multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:
in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:
hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:
id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:
equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:
qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
B.
First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:
princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:
sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:
homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:
primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:
juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:
est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:
urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:
praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:
suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:
otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:
peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:
primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:
primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:
actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:
amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:
si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:
primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:
homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:
oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:
homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §
68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:
in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:
in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
A.
prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.
1.
In gen.:
aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:
neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:
primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:
Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:
contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
2.
With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:
primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:
primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:
primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:
primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:
primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:
haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:
dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:
primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:
primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:
primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:
primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:
neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
3.
(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:
primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:
primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:
primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
B.
prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).
1.
In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:
Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:
primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:
primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:
primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:
primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:
primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
2.
Without other adverbs.
(α).
In gen.:
quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:
te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
(β).
Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:
primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
3.
With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
(α).
Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:
ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:
ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:
simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:
tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
(β).
Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):
post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
(γ).
With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):
primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:
omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:
primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
(δ).
With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:
hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:
quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
* C.
prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
D.
prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > primumdum
6 primus

prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;
but primus is rarely used for prior,
Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
I.
In gen.:
qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,
Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:
primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:
verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,
Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:
primae litterae,
id. Att. 9, 6, 5:
primus inter homines nobilissimos,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
primi ex omnibus philosophis,
id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:
primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,
Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:
primus de mille fuisses,
Ov. H. 17, 105:
in primis,
among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:
in primis stetit,
id. Epam. 10, 3:
in primis pugnantes,
Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:
primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),
Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
II.
In partic.
A.
In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:
in primā provinciā,
at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:
digitus,
the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:
dentes,
the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:
ranis prima lingua cohaeret,
the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:
primā statim nocte,
at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:
sol,
i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:
luna,
i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:
primo quoque tempore,
at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:
primo quoque die,
id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:
me tibi primum quidque concedente,
id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:
fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,
id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:
quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,
Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:
prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),
Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:
multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:
in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,
id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:
hoc a primo cogitavit,
id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:
id a primo rectissime dicitur,
id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:
equites in primo late ire jubet,
in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:
qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,
Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
B.
First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:
princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:
sui municipii facile primus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:
homo,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:
primis urbis placuisse,
Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:
juvenum primi,
Verg. A. 9, 785:
est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:
quia sum apud te primus,
I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
primus humani generis,
Sil. 17, 255:
urbem Italiae primam,
Petr. 116:
praedium,
Cato, R. R. 1:
suavia prima habere,
to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:
otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,
Sall. C. 36, 4:
cura,
a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:
peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,
Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:
primas partes, or primas agere,
to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:
primas in causis agebat Hortensius,
Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:
actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:
amoris erga me tibi primas defero,
i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:
si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,
id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:
primas tenere,
to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:
homo domi suae cum primis locuples,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:
in primis lautus eques,
Nep. Att. 13, 1:
oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:
homo in primis improbissimus,
id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §
68: vir magnus in primis,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:
in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,
id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:
in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,
id. Att. 5, 1, 3:
in primis... dein,
first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
A.
prīmō, at first, at the beginning, first, firstly.
1.
In gen.:
aedes primo ruere rebamur,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:
neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,
id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:
primo non accredidit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 4:
Themistocles solus primo profectus est,
id. Them. 6, 5:
contemptus est primo a tyrannis,
id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
2.
With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:
primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:
primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,
Sall. C. 10, 3:
primo... deinde... tum... tum,
Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:
primo... deinde,
Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:
primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,
Cels. 5, 26, 34:
primo... inde,... hinc,
Liv. 30, 11, 6:
haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,
Sall. C. 10, 6:
dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,
Caes. B. G. 7, 15:
primo... postea... postremo, etc.,
Liv. 26, 39:
primo... mox,
id. 1, 50:
primo... mox deinde,
Just. 1, 3:
primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,
Sall. J. 111, 2:
neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
3.
(Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:
primo... iterum,
Liv. 2, 51:
primo... rursus,
Suet. Aug. 17:
primo... secundo,
Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
B.
prīmum, at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning (class.).
1.
In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:
Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
primum... deinde... deinde,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:
primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:
primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,
id. Div. 2, 56, 116:
primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:
primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,
id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:
primum... subinde,
Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:
primum... mox,
id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
2.
Without other adverbs.
(α).
In gen.:
quaerenda pecunia primum est,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:
te Quicumque primum Produxit,
id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
(β).
Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:
primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,
Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
3.
With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
(α).
Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:
ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:
ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:
simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:
tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
(β).
Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):
post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
(γ).
With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):
primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:
omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,
id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:
primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
(δ).
With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:
hodie primum ire in ganeum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:
quo die primum convocati su mus,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
* C.
prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
D.
prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > primus
7 ab

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:
AF VOBEIS,
Inscr. Orell. 3114;
AF MVRO,
ib. 6601;
AF CAPVA,
ib. 3308;
AF SOLO,
ib. 589;
AF LYCO,
ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):
abs chorago,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):
abs quivis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:
abs terra,
Cato, R. R. 51;
and in compounds: aps-cessero,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;
and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,
id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
I.
In space, and,
II.
Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
I.
Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):
Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:
fuga ab urbe turpissima,
Cic. Att. 7, 21:
ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,
Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:
illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:
venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
b.
Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:
oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:
quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:
ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:
protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,
id. ib. 1, 25, 2:
profecti a domo,
Liv. 40, 33, 2;
of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:
classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,
Liv. 8, 22, 6;
of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,
Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:
legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,
id. 24, 40, 2.
c.
Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):
Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:
libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:
Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,
id. Att. 7, 24:
cum a vobis discessero,
id. Sen. 22:
multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:
so a fratre,
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:
a Pontio,
Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:
ab ea,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
B.
Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
1.
Of separation:
ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:
abesse a domo paulisper maluit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:
tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,
Sall. C. 40, 5:
absint lacerti ab stabulis,
Verg. G. 4, 14.—
2.
Of distance:
quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:
nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,
id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:
hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:
terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:
non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):
cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,
Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:
qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:
quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:
procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:
tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;
v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:
tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,
id. Pis. 11, 26; and:
tam prope ab domo detineri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:
onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,
eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:
duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,
id. 37, 38, 5). —
3.
To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:
picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:
pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,
on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:
non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,
at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:
erat a septentrionibus collis,
on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
II.
Fig.
A.
In time.
1.
From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:
Exul ab octava Marius bibit,
Juv. 1,40:
mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,
immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:
Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:
ab hac contione legati missi sunt,
immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:
ab eo magistratu,
after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:
a summa spe novissima exspectabat,
after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:
ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:
confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,
Liv. 30, 36, 1:
statim a funere,
Suet. Caes. 85;
and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,
id. ib. 60:
protinus ab adoptione,
Vell. 2, 104, 3:
Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,
soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—
Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,
i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:
secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,
i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
2.
With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:
ab hora tertia bibebatur,
from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:
infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,
since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:
vixit ab omni aeternitate,
from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:
cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,
Nep. Att. 5, 3:
in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,
after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:
centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,
since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:
cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,
id. Sen. 6, 19; and:
ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,
since, Sall. C. 47, 2:
diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:
quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,
since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:
jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,
from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:
ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:
cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:
a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,
Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:
pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,
from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
b.
Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:
qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,
from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:
mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,
a pueritia,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:
jam inde ab adulescentia,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:
ab adulescentia,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1:
jam a prima adulescentia,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:
ab ineunte adulescentia,
id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.
followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:
a primis temporibus aetatis,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:
a teneris unguiculis,
from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:
usque a toga pura,
id. Att. 7, 8, 5:
jam inde ab incunabulis,
Liv. 4, 36, 5:
a prima lanugine,
Suet. Oth. 12:
viridi ab aevo,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;
rarely of animals: ab infantia,
Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:
qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,
a pausillo puero,
id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:
a puero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:
a pueris,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:
ab adulescente,
id. Quint. 3, 12:
ab infante,
Col. 1, 8, 2:
a parva virgine,
Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:
a parvis,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:
a parvulo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:
ab parvulis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:
ab tenero,
Col. 5, 6, 20;
and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
B.
In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
1.
In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):
suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:
qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:
hic ab artificio suo non recessit,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:
quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:
condicionem quam ab te peto,
id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:
mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:
si quid ab illo acceperis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:
quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:
ab defensione desistere,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:
ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,
id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:
ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):
qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,
the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:
tu nunc eris alter ab illo,
next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:
Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,
next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:
quid hoc ab illo differt,
from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:
hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,
id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:
discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,
id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):
quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7:
alieno a te animo fuit,
id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):
subdole ab re consulit,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:
haut est ab re aucupis,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:
non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,
Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
2.
In partic.
a.
To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:
a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:
ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,
id. ib. 1, 3:
disputata ab eo,
id. ib. 1, 4 al.:
illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,
id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:
ita generati a natura sumus,
id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:
pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,
Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:
niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:
quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,
is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:
salvebis a meo Cicerone,
i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:
a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,
i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:
ne vir ab hoste cadat,
Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):
levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,
Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:
a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,
id. Off. 2, 6, 19:
si calor est a sole,
id. N. D. 2, 52:
ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:
metu poenae a Romanis,
Liv. 32, 23, 9:
bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,
id. 3, 22, 2:
ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,
id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:
lassus ab equo indomito,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:
Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,
Prop. 5, 1, 126:
tempus a nostris triste malis,
time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:
vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?
by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,
ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),
Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:
si postulatur a populo,
if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:
deseror conjuge,
Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;
and in prose,
Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:
ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,
Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:
(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
b.
With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:
pastores a Pergamide,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:
Turnus ab Aricia,
Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):
obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,
Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
c.
In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:
(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,
id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
d.
With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:
da, puere, ab summo,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,
da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:
coepere a fame mala,
Liv. 4, 12, 7:
cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,
tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:
a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
e.
With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:
a foliis et stercore purgato,
Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:
tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?
Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:
Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,
Liv. 21, 11, 5:
expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:
haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,
id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):
ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,
Sall. C. 32:
ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,
Liv. 21, 35, 12:
ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,
Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
f.
With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:
el metul a Chryside,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:
ab Hannibale metuens,
Liv. 23, 36; and:
metus a praetore,
id. 23, 15, 7;
v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,
Cic. Sull. 20, 59:
postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,
you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
g.
With verbs of fastening and holding:
funiculus a puppi religatus,
Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:
cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
h.
Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:
a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,
Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
i.
Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):
id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
j.
Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:
doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:
a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:
a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,
a frigore laborantibus,
Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:
laborare ab re frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
k.
Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:
ab ingenio improbus,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:
a me pudica'st,
id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:
orba ab optimatibus contio,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):
locus copiosus a frumento,
Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:
sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,
id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:
ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,
id. Brut. 16, 63:
ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,
Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;
so often in poets ab arte=arte,
artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
l.
In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:
linguam ab irrisu exserentem,
thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:
ab honore,
id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
m.
Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:
ab illo injuria,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:
fulgor ab auro,
Lucr. 2, 5:
dulces a fontibus undae,
Verg. G. 2, 243.
n.
In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:
scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:
nonnuill ab novissimis,
id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
o.
In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:
qui sunt ab ea disciplina,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:
ab eo qui sunt,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:
nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,
id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
p.
To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;
in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,
one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,
a manu servus,
a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
q.
The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:
a peregre,
Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:
a foris,
Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:
ab intus,
ib. ib. 7, 15:
ab invicem,
App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:
a longe,
Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:
a modo,
ib. ib. 23, 39;
Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:
a sursum,
ib. Marc. 15, 38.
► a.
Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:
Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 37, 91:
a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?
id. Sen. 6:
a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?
id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:
res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
b.
Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
c.
It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:
a vitae periculo,
Cic. Brut. 91, 313:
a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,
id. Arch. 6, 12:
a minus bono,
Sall. C. 2, 6:
a satis miti principio,
Liv. 1, 6, 4:
damnis dives ab ipsa suis,
Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
d.
The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):
aque Chao,
Verg. G. 4, 347:
aque mero,
Ov. M. 3, 631:
aque viro,
id. H. 6, 156:
aque suis,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:
a meque,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:
abs teque,
id. Att. 3, 15, 4:
a teque,
id. ib. 8, 11, §
7: a primaque adulescentia,
id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
e.
A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
III.
In composition ab,
1.
Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
2.
It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab
8 prīmus

prīmus adj. sup. [PRO-], the first, first: Primus sentio mala nostra, T.: primae litterae: primus Graecae civitatis in Thraciam introiit, N.: primus de mille fuisses, O.— Plur m. as subst: in primis stetit, among the foremost, N.: in primis pugnantes, in the van, S.: Utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis Institerat (i. e. ut primum), V.—In time or place, first, fore, foremost: in primā provinciā, at the entrance of the province: sol, i. e. the rising sun, V.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first: primo quoque tempore, at the very first opportunity: me tibi primum quidque concedente.—As subst n., sing. and plur, the first part, beginning: quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent, L.: utinam a primo ita tibi esset visum, from the first: equites in primo late ire iubet, in the van, S.: qui numerus in primo viget, iacet in extremo, first part.—Fig., of rank or merit, first, chief, principal, excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble: evocat ad se Massiliā quindecim primos, Cs.: sui municipi facile primus: primis urbis placuisse, H.: iuvenum primi, V.: apud te primus, first in your favor, T.: otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant, S.: primas partīs qui aget, plays the leading part, T.: si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit.— Plur f. as subst. (only acc; sc. partīs), the first rank, lead, highest place: actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, ascribed supreme importance: amoris erga me tibi primas defero, i. e. the first place among those who love me.—Plur. abl. as subst., in the phrases, in primis, cum primis, among the first, with the foremost, eminently, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly: vir fortis in primis: oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum: homo in primis improbissimus: in primis... deinde, in the first place, S.: homo cum primis locuples.
* * *
I
prima, primum ADJ

first, foremost/best, chief, principal; nearest/next

in primis -- especially
II
primi N M

chiefs (pl.), nobles

Latin-English dictionary > prīmus
9 usque

usquĕ, adv. [us- for ubs-, from ubi with locative s; and que for qued, old abl. of quis; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 471; 838; cf.: quisque, usquam].
I.
Lit., all the way to or from any limit of space, time, etc. (cf.: fine, tenus); of place, all the way, right on, without interruption, continuously, constantly.
A.
With prepositions.
1.
With ab:
qui a fundamento mihi usque movisti mare,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 55:
usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
Cic. Clu. 68, 192:
ex omnibus spectaculis usque a Capitolio plausus excitatus,
id. Sest. 58, 124:
usque a rubro mari,
Nep. Hann. 2, 1.— Poet.:
Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno,
Verg. A. 7, 289 (sometimes as one word, v. abusque).—
2.
With ex:
usque ex ultimā Syriā atque Aegypto navigare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 60, § 157. —
3.
With ad:
usque a Dianio ad Sinopen navigaverunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87:
ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,
id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:
usque ad Iconium,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:
ab Atticā ad Thessaliam usque,
Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 63:
usque ad Numantiam misit,
Cic. Dejot. 7, 19:
usque ad castra hostium accessit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 51 ( poet. and post-Aug. ad usque; often as one word, v. adusque).—
4.
With in and acc.:
cum ad eum usque in Pamphyliam legatos misissent,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:
portūs usque in sinūs oppidis et ad urbis crepidines infusi,
id. Rep. 3, 31, 43.—
5.
With trans:
trans Alpes usque transfertur,
Cic. Quint. 3, 12.—
6.
With sub and acc.:
admōrunt oculis usque sub ora faces,
Ov. Ib. 240 (236).—
B.
With adverbs of place:
quod eos usque istinc exauditos putem,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4.—
2.
Esp., with quaque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque; v. II. A. 3. e. and II. B. 3. infra), everywhere: non usque quaque idoneum invenias locum, ubi, etc., Afran. ap. Non. p. 518, 6 (Com. Rel. v. 198 Rib.):
immo vero, quom usquequaque umbra'st, tamen Sol semper hic est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79:
mari terrāque illas usque quaque quaeritat,
id. Poen. prol. 105:
aut undique religionem tolle, aut usque quaque conserva,
Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 110:
effugere non est, Flacce, basiatores. Instant... occurrunt, et hinc et illinc, usquequaque, quacunque,
Mart. 11, 98, 3; cf.:
QVAQVE VSQVE,
Inscr. Grut. 611, 13.—
C.
With acc. of the place whither, all the way to, as far as, to.
1.
With names of towns (class.; acc. to Reisig. Vorles. p. 216, usque ad Numantiam means all the way to the town, i. e. to its walls or gates: usque Numantiam, all the way to or into it, implying entrance of the town; cf.
the passages cited infra): theatrum ita resonans, ut usque Romam significationes vocesque referantur,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:
Miletum usque? obsecro,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 21.—
2.
With other names than those of towns (post-Aug.):
ab hac (sc. Siciliā) Cretam usque Siculum (mare) vocat,
Plin. 3, 5, 10, § 75:
imperium usque extremos Orientis terminos prolatum,
Just. 7, 1, 4:
terminos usque Libyae,
id. 1, 1, 5:
ab Atticā Thessaliam usque,
Plin. 4, 12, 21, § 63:
ab eo usque Jovem,
id. 2, 22, 20, § 84:
horrendus ab astris Descendit vos usque fragor,
Stat. Th. 11, 89.—
II.
Meton.
A.
Of time, all the time, continually, perpetually, all the while from or to a period, as long or as far as, until.
1.
With prepositions.
a.
With ab:
mihi magna cum eo jam inde usque a pueritiā Fuit semper familiaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9:
primus esses memoriter Progeniem nostram usque ab avo proferens,
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 48:
augures omnes usque a Romulo,
Cic. Vatin. 8, 20:
opinio jam usque ab heroicis ducta temporibus,
from as far back as the heroic ages, id. Div. 1, 1, 1:
usque a Thale Milesio,
id. N. D. 1, 33, 91:
bona paterna et avita et usque a nobis repetita,
id. Cael. 14, 34.—
b.
With ad:
usque a mane ad vesperum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97:
a mane ad noctem usque in foro dego diem,
id. Most. 3, 1, 3:
inde usque ad diurnam stellam crastinam potabimus,
id. Men. 1, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:
ille nihil difficilius esse dicebat, quam amicitiam usque ad extremum vitae diem permanere,
id. Lael. 10, 33:
deinceps retro usque ad Romulum,
as far as, up to, id. Rep. 1, 37, 58.—
2.
With acc. (post-Aug.):
paucae, aegre se defen dentes, usque tempora Alexandri Magni duraverunt,
Just. 2, 4, 32:
a rege Romulo usque Caesarem Augustum,
Flor. 1, prooem. 1 (al. usque in).—
3.
With adverbs.
a.
With inde:
pueritiae memoriam recordari ultimam, inde usque repetens, etc.,
Cic. Arch. 1, 1.—
b.
With antehac:
ut animus in spe usque antehac attentus fuit, Ita, etc.,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 3.—
c.
With adhuc:
quod occultatum'st usque adhuc nunc non potest,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 10:
qui me tam leni passus animost usque adhuc facere, etc.,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 27:
cessatum usque adhuc est,
until now, hitherto, id. Ad. 4, 4, 23:
qui mos usque adhuc est retentus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35:
usque adhuc certe animum meum probastis,
Suet. Dom. 18; v. adhuc, II. A.—
d.
With eo:
tamen usque eo se tenuit, quoad, etc.,
Cic. Dejot. 4, 11:
usque eo animadverti eum jocari,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; v. 2. eo, II. C.—
e.
With quaque, continually, always:
Chrusalus mihi usque quaque loquitur nec recte,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 83: usque quaque sapere oportet, Poët. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; so,
usque quaque,
Cat. 39, 2; Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 2; 1, 7, 5; Gell. 16, 3, 1:
usquequaque, de hoc cum dicemus,
whenever, Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1.—
Opp. nusquam: atque hoc non alienum est, quod ad multa pertineat, ne aut nusquam aut usquequaque dicatur, hic admonere,
Cic. Inv. 2, 21, 63.—
f.
With dum:
usque dum regnum optinebit Juppiter,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 28: conplebo familiam adeo usque satietatem dum capiet pater, id. Am. 1, 2, 9:
usque id egi dudum, dum loquitur pater,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 30; Cato, R. R. 156:
mihi quidem usque curae erit, quid agas, dum, quid egeris, sciero,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3; id. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 12; 2, 1, 6, § 16; Hor. C. 3, 30, 7; cf. dum, I. B. 1. b. —
g.
With interea:
nam usque dum ille vitam colet Inopem... Interea usque illi de me supplicium dabo,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 84 sqq.—
h.
With donec:
ibo odorans quasi canis venaticus Usque donec persecutus volpem ero vestigiis,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 114. —
k.
With quoad:
usque illum, quoad ei nuntiatum esset consules descendisse, omnibus exclusis commentatum, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 22, 87:
dandum ordeum, usque quoad erunt lactentes,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 12.—
1.
With adeo:
usque adeo in periculo fuisse, quoad, etc.,
Cic. Sest. 38, 82; cf. Cato, R. R. 67:
instare usque adeo, donec se adjurat,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 40; id. Rud. 3, 5, 32: usque adeo, dum, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 10, 3, 5; cf. Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10 sub f. supra.—
m.
With nunc (post-class.):
nunc usque,
to this day, Amm. 14, 2, 12:
usque nunc,
Hier. Ep. 3, 87.—
B.
In other relations.
1.
Of extent or degree, even to, quite up to, or as far as.
a.
Absol.:
ego vapulando, ille verberando, usque ambo defessi sumus,
Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 5 Fleck. (al. verberando usque, ambo:
incerta est distinctio, Don. ad loc.): poenasque dedit usque superque (= usque eo quod satis esset),
Hor. S. 1, 2, 65.—
b.
With ad:
usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:
usque ad necem,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 28:
hoc malum usque ad bestias perveniat,
Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 67:
usque ad eum finem, dum, etc.,
id. Verr. 1, 6, 16; v. dum: assenserunt consules designati, omnes etiam consulares usque ad Pompeium, up to, i. e. except Pompey, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 20.—
c.
With adeo:
undique totis Usque adeo turbatur agris,
to so great an extent, Verg. E. 1, 12.—
d.
With terminal adverbs:
Anco regi familiaris est factus (sc. L. Tarquinius) usque eo, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35; v. eo, under is fin.:
usque quo non vis subici mihi?
how long? Vulg. Exod. 10, 3; cf. quousque.—
2.
Right on, always, without stop, continuously, constantly, incessantly: Ep. Ne abeas, priusquam ego ad te venero. Ap. Usque opperiar, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 122:
Ctesipho me pugnis miserum Usque occidit,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:
an usque In nostrum jacies verba superba caput?
Prop. 2, 8, 16:
cantantes licet usque, minus via laedit, eamus,
Verg. E. 9, 64; cf.:
nec vidisse semel satis est, juvat usque morari,
id. A. 6, 487:
naturam expelles furcā, tamen usque recurret,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 24.—Repeated:
allatres licet usque nos et usque,
Mart. 5, 60, 1:
ergo, qui prius usque et usque et usque Furum scindere podices solebam,
Auct. Priap. 78.—
3.
Esp.: usque quāque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque), in every thing, on every occasion:
nolite usque quaque idem quaerere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 10:
an hoc usque quaque, aliter in vitā?
id. Fin. 5, 30, 91 Madv. ad loc.:
et id usquequaque quantum sit appareat,
in each particular, id. Or. 22, 73; Plin. Ep. 7, 12, 5:
religionum usque quaque contemptor, praeter unius Deae Syriae,
Suet. Ner. 56 init.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > usque
10 ūsque

ūsque adv., all the way, right on, without interruption, continuously, even: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci: usque a rubro mari, N.: Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno, V.: usque ex ultimā Syriā navigare: usque ad castra hostium accessit, Cs.: cum ad eum usque in Pamphyliam legatos misissent: trans Alpes usque transfertur: usque sub ora, O.: usque istinc.— With acc of place, all the way to, as far as, to (implying entrance): theatrum ita resonans, ut usque Romam voces referantur: Miletum usque? obsecro, T.—With quāque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque), in every place, everywhere: aut undique religionem tolle, aut usque quāque conserva. —Of time, all the time, continually, perpetually, all the while, as long as, until: Progeniem nostram usque ab avo proferens, T.: opinio iam usque ab heroicis ducta temporibus, from as far back as: usque a Thale Milesio: deinceps retro usque ad Romulum, as far as: inde usque repetens, etc.: usque antehac, T.: usque adhuc, even till now: tamen usque eo se tenuit, quoad, etc.: usque id egi dudum, dum loquitur pater, T.: iacet res in controversiis, usque dum inveniretur: usque quoad: usque adeo in periculo fuisse, quoad, etc. —Right on, without intermission, continuously, constantly, incessantly: Ctesipho me pugnis miserum Usque occidit, T.: Cantantes licet usque, minus via laedit, eamus, V.: Naturam expelles furcā, tamen usque recurret, H.—With quāque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque), continually, always, at all times: usque quaque, de hoc cum dicemus, every time: ne aut nusquam aut usque quaque dicatur, hic admonere, at all times. —Of extent or degree, even to, quite up to, as far as: Ego vapulando, ille verberando, usque ambo defessi sumus, T.: poenas dedit usque superque (i. e. usque eo quod satis esset), H.: usque ad eum finem, dum, etc.: undique totis Usque adeo turbatur agris, to so great an extent, V.: Anco regi familiaris est factus (Tarquinius) usque eo, ut, etc.—With quāque (less correctly as one word, usquequaque), in every thing, on every occasion: nolite usque quaque idem quaerere: et id usque quaque quantum sit appareat, in each particular.
* * *
I
ADV

all the way, right on; all the time, continuously, at every point, always
II
PREP ACC

up to (name of town or locality)

Latin-English dictionary > ūsque
11 abitus

ăbĭtus, ūs, m. [abeo], a going away, departure.
I.
Lit., in abstr. (class.):
cum videam miserum hunc tam excruciarier ejus abitu,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 5; 4, 4, 24; Lucr. 1, 457 and 677; * Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125; Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 311 al.—
II.
Transf., in concr., the place through which one goes, the outlet, place of egress (as aditus, [p. 8] of entrance):
omnemque abitum custode coronant,
they surround the outlet with guards, Verg. A. 9, 380; so in plur.:
circumjecta vehicula sepserant abitus,
barricaded the passages out, Tac. A. 14, 37.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > abitus
12 accessus

1.
accessus, a, um, Part. of accedo.
2.
accessus, ūs, m. [accedo], a going or coming to or near, an approaching, approach (syn. aditus; opp. recessus, discessus).
I.
Lit.:
accessus nocturnus ad urbem,
Cic. Mil. 19:
(bestiarum) ad res salutares (opp. recessus),
id. N. D. 2, 12 fin.:
accessus prohibet refugitque viriles,
Ov. M. 14, 636:
solisaccessus discessusque,
Cic. N. D. 2, 7;
of the tide,
id. Div. 2, 14 fin.;
of a disease,
Gell. 4, 2;
of soldiers: difficilis,
Caes. B. Afr. 5: maritimus, from the sea:
pedestris,
on the land side, id. B. Alex. 26:
loci,
to a place, id. B. Hisp. 38.—
B.
Transf.
1.
Poet. of permission to approach, access, admittance (cf. aditus):
dare accessum alicui,
Ov. Pont. 2, 2, 41:
negare,
id. Her. 10, 64.—
2.
The place by which one approaches, a passage, an entrance (in sing. and plur.), Verg. A. 8, 229; Suet. Caes. 58; Flor. 2, 12, 5;
for ships,
Liv. 29, 27, 9.—
II.
Fig.
A.
An approaching, approach:
ita pedetemptim cum accessus a se ad causam facti, tum recessus,
an approach to the matter, Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 7.—
B.
An accession, increase: accessu istius splendoris, Cod. Th. 6, 35, 7.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > accessus
13 fores

1.
fŏris, is, and more freq. in plur., fŏres, um, f. [Sanscr. dvār; Gr. thura; O. H. Germ. tor; Engl. door, etc.; cf. foras], a door, gate; in plur., the two leaves of a door (syn.: porta, janua, valvae, ostium, limen).
I.
Lit.
(α).
Sing.:
crepuit foris,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 34; cf. id. Cas. 5, 1, 17:
foris crepuit, concrepuit,
id. Aul. 4, 5, 5; id. Cas. 2, 1, 15; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 134; Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11:
constitit ad geminae limina prima foris,
Ov. H. 12, 150:
ut lictor forem virgā percuteret,
Liv. 6, 34, 6:
cum forem cubiculi clauserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59:
forem thalami claudere,
Ov. A. A. 3, 228:
forem obdere alicui,
id. P. 2, 2, 42:
exclusus fore, cum Longarenus foret intus,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 67.—
(β).
Plur.:
ex quo (Jano) fores in liminibus profanarum aedium januae nominantur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67:
pol, haud periculum est, cardines ne foribus effringantur,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 4 sq.; cf.:
sonitum prohibe forum et crepitum cardinum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 1:
a nobis graviter crepuerunt fores,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 52:
ad fores assistere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:
extra fores limenque carceris,
id. Tusc. 5, 28, 80:
robustae,
Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:
invisae,
id. S. 2, 3, 262:
asperae,
id. C. 3, 10, 3:
durae,
Tib. 1, 1, 56:
foribus inest clavis,
id. 1, 6, 34:
hostes incidentes semiapertis portarum foribus,
Liv. 26, 39, 22.—
B.
Transf., the door, opening, entrance of other things:
aeneus equus, cujus in lateribus fores essent,
Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38:
nassarum,
Plin. 32, 2, 5, § 11:
apum,
id. 21, 14, 48, § 82.—
II.
Trop.:
quasi amicitiae fores aperire,
Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 4:
artis fores apertas intrare,
Plin. 35, 9, 36, § 61:
rerum,
id. 2, 8, 6, § 31.
2.
fŏris, adv. [abl. form (denoting both the place where and the place whence), and answering to the acc. form foras, v. foras init. ].
I.
Out at the doors, out of doors, abroad, without (opp. intus, domi, etc.):
sinito ambulare, si foris, si intus volent,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 5: cf.:
foris pascuntur, intus opus faciunt,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:
ille relictus intus, exspectatus foris,
Cic. Sull. 5. 17; cf.
also: nam et intus paveo, et foris formido,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 20: aliorum intus corpus et foris lignum, ut nucum;
aliis foris corpus, intus lignum, ut prunis,
Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 112:
cum et intra vallum et foris caederentur,
Nep. Dat. 6:
domi et foris aegre quod sit, satis semper est,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 8; cf.:
ut domo sumeret, neu foris quaereret,
id. Bacch. 4, 4, 6:
nec minore saevitia foris et in exteros grassatus est,
Suet. Ner. 36:
(consilium petere) foris potius quam domo,
Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 26:
te foris sapere, tibi non posse te auxiliarier,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 49:
si foris cenat,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 17; cf.:
venit ad nos Cicero tuus ad cenam, cum Pomponia foris cenaret,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19 Orell. N. cr.:
cenitare,
id. Fam. 7, 16, 2; 9, 24, 3:
extrinsecus, cum ea, quae sunt foris neque inhaerent in rei natura, colliguntur,
id. de Or. 2, 39, 163:
haec studia delectant domi, non impediunt foris,
in public life, id. Arch. 7, 16; cf.:
cum ea contentio mihi magnum etiam foris fructum tulisset,
i. e. beyond the senate, id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:
fuit ille vir cum foris clarus, tum domi admirandus, neque rebus externis magis laudandus quam institutis domesticis,
id. Phil. 2, 28, 69:
et domi dignitas et foris auctoritas retinetur,
abroad, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 136; cf.:
parvi sunt foris arma, nisi est consilium domi,
id. Off. 1, 22, 76; and:
otium foris, foeda domi lascivia,
Tac. A. 13, 25:
foris valde plauditur,
among the people, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 1:
egere, foris esse Gabinium, sine provincia stare non posse,
i. e. in the people's power, in debt, id. Pis. 6, 12.—
(β).
As prep. with acc. (late Lat.): constitutus si sit fluvius, qui foris agrum non vagatur, beyond, Auct. de Limit. p. 273 Goes.:
ut terminos foris limites ponerentur,
id. ib. —
II.
From without, from abroad, = extrinsecus:
at, quaecumque foris veniunt, impostaque nobis Pondera sunt,
Lucr. 5, 543:
sed quod ea non parit oratoris ars, sed foris ad se delata, tamen arte tractat,
Cic. Part. 14, 48: aut sumere ex sua vi atque natura, aut assumere foris. id. de Or. 2, 39, 163; cf.:
foris assumuntur ea, quae non sua vi sed extranea sublevantur,
id. ib. 2, 40, 173; id. Inv. 1, 11, 15; 2, 24, 71:
auxilium non petendum est foris,
id. Tusc. 3, 3, [p. 768] 6:
ut in ipsa (arte) insit, non foris petatur extremum,
id. Fin. 3, 7, 24.—
(β).
Strengthened by ab:
quoniam in ulcus penetrat omnis a foris injuria,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 227.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fores
14 foris

1.
fŏris, is, and more freq. in plur., fŏres, um, f. [Sanscr. dvār; Gr. thura; O. H. Germ. tor; Engl. door, etc.; cf. foras], a door, gate; in plur., the two leaves of a door (syn.: porta, janua, valvae, ostium, limen).
I.
Lit.
(α).
Sing.:
crepuit foris,
Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 34; cf. id. Cas. 5, 1, 17:
foris crepuit, concrepuit,
id. Aul. 4, 5, 5; id. Cas. 2, 1, 15; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 134; Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 11:
constitit ad geminae limina prima foris,
Ov. H. 12, 150:
ut lictor forem virgā percuteret,
Liv. 6, 34, 6:
cum forem cubiculi clauserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59:
forem thalami claudere,
Ov. A. A. 3, 228:
forem obdere alicui,
id. P. 2, 2, 42:
exclusus fore, cum Longarenus foret intus,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 67.—
(β).
Plur.:
ex quo (Jano) fores in liminibus profanarum aedium januae nominantur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 67:
pol, haud periculum est, cardines ne foribus effringantur,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 4 sq.; cf.:
sonitum prohibe forum et crepitum cardinum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 1:
a nobis graviter crepuerunt fores,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 52:
ad fores assistere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:
extra fores limenque carceris,
id. Tusc. 5, 28, 80:
robustae,
Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:
invisae,
id. S. 2, 3, 262:
asperae,
id. C. 3, 10, 3:
durae,
Tib. 1, 1, 56:
foribus inest clavis,
id. 1, 6, 34:
hostes incidentes semiapertis portarum foribus,
Liv. 26, 39, 22.—
B.
Transf., the door, opening, entrance of other things:
aeneus equus, cujus in lateribus fores essent,
Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38:
nassarum,
Plin. 32, 2, 5, § 11:
apum,
id. 21, 14, 48, § 82.—
II.
Trop.:
quasi amicitiae fores aperire,
Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 4:
artis fores apertas intrare,
Plin. 35, 9, 36, § 61:
rerum,
id. 2, 8, 6, § 31.
2.
fŏris, adv. [abl. form (denoting both the place where and the place whence), and answering to the acc. form foras, v. foras init. ].
I.
Out at the doors, out of doors, abroad, without (opp. intus, domi, etc.):
sinito ambulare, si foris, si intus volent,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 5: cf.:
foris pascuntur, intus opus faciunt,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 5:
ille relictus intus, exspectatus foris,
Cic. Sull. 5. 17; cf.
also: nam et intus paveo, et foris formido,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 20: aliorum intus corpus et foris lignum, ut nucum;
aliis foris corpus, intus lignum, ut prunis,
Plin. 15, 28, 34, § 112:
cum et intra vallum et foris caederentur,
Nep. Dat. 6:
domi et foris aegre quod sit, satis semper est,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 8; cf.:
ut domo sumeret, neu foris quaereret,
id. Bacch. 4, 4, 6:
nec minore saevitia foris et in exteros grassatus est,
Suet. Ner. 36:
(consilium petere) foris potius quam domo,
Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 26:
te foris sapere, tibi non posse te auxiliarier,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 49:
si foris cenat,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 17; cf.:
venit ad nos Cicero tuus ad cenam, cum Pomponia foris cenaret,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19 Orell. N. cr.:
cenitare,
id. Fam. 7, 16, 2; 9, 24, 3:
extrinsecus, cum ea, quae sunt foris neque inhaerent in rei natura, colliguntur,
id. de Or. 2, 39, 163:
haec studia delectant domi, non impediunt foris,
in public life, id. Arch. 7, 16; cf.:
cum ea contentio mihi magnum etiam foris fructum tulisset,
i. e. beyond the senate, id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:
fuit ille vir cum foris clarus, tum domi admirandus, neque rebus externis magis laudandus quam institutis domesticis,
id. Phil. 2, 28, 69:
et domi dignitas et foris auctoritas retinetur,
abroad, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 136; cf.:
parvi sunt foris arma, nisi est consilium domi,
id. Off. 1, 22, 76; and:
otium foris, foeda domi lascivia,
Tac. A. 13, 25:
foris valde plauditur,
among the people, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 8, 1:
egere, foris esse Gabinium, sine provincia stare non posse,
i. e. in the people's power, in debt, id. Pis. 6, 12.—
(β).
As prep. with acc. (late Lat.): constitutus si sit fluvius, qui foris agrum non vagatur, beyond, Auct. de Limit. p. 273 Goes.:
ut terminos foris limites ponerentur,
id. ib. —
II.
From without, from abroad, = extrinsecus:
at, quaecumque foris veniunt, impostaque nobis Pondera sunt,
Lucr. 5, 543:
sed quod ea non parit oratoris ars, sed foris ad se delata, tamen arte tractat,
Cic. Part. 14, 48: aut sumere ex sua vi atque natura, aut assumere foris. id. de Or. 2, 39, 163; cf.:
foris assumuntur ea, quae non sua vi sed extranea sublevantur,
id. ib. 2, 40, 173; id. Inv. 1, 11, 15; 2, 24, 71:
auxilium non petendum est foris,
id. Tusc. 3, 3, [p. 768] 6:
ut in ipsa (arte) insit, non foris petatur extremum,
id. Fin. 3, 7, 24.—
(β).
Strengthened by ab:
quoniam in ulcus penetrat omnis a foris injuria,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 227.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > foris
15 portus

portus, ūs ( gen. sing. porti, Turp. ap. Non. 491, 20: dat. plur. portibus, Liv. 27, 30, 7 et saep.; a better form than portubus), m. [por, whence porto, portitor].—Prop., an entrance; hence,
I.
A harbor, haven, port: Lunai portus, Enn. ap. Pers. 6, 9 (Ann. v. 16 Vahl.):
portus Caietae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Rep. 3, 31, 43; cf.:
in Graeciae portus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 5:
e portu solvere,
to sail out of port, id. Mur. 2, 4; so,
e portu proficisci,
Caes. B. G. 3, 14:
ex portu exire,
id. B. C. 2, 4:
ex portu naves educere,
id. ib. 1, 57;
2, 22: portum linquere,
Verg. A. 3, 289:
petere,
to sail into, to enter, Cic. Planc. 39, 94; Verg. A. 1, 194:
capere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 36:
occupare,
Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 32:
in portum venire,
to enter the port, Cic. Sen. 19, 71; so,
in portum ex alto invehi,
id. Mur. 2, 4:
in portum deferri,
Auct. Her. 1, 11, 19:
in portum pervenire,
Caes. B. G. 4, 22:
in portum se recipere,
id. B. C. 2, 22:
in portum navim cogere (al. conicere),
Cic. Inv. 2, 32, 98:
in portum penetrare,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 96:
portum tenere,
to reach a port, id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:
in portum voluntatis deduci,
Vulg. Psa. 106, 30:
in portu operam dare,
to be an officer of the customs, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 171; 2, 2, 72, § 176.—With reference to the import-duty to be paid in ports:
ex portu vectigal conservare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15; id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 171. —Prov.:
in portu navigare,
i. e. to be in safety, out of all danger, Ter. And. 3, 1, 22; so,
in portu esse,
Cic. Fam. 9, 6, 4.—
2.
Poet., transf., the mouth of a river, where it empties into the sea, Ov. H. 14, 107; id. Am. 2, 13, 10.—
B.
Trop., as also the Greek limên, and our haven, a place of refuge, an asylum, retreat (class.; a favorite trope of Cicero): portus corporis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 415 Vahl.):
tamquam portum aliquem exspecto illam solitudinem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255;
so with tamquam,
id. Brut. 2, 8:
se in philosophiae portum conferre,
id. Fam. 7, 30, 2:
regum, populorum, nationum portus erat et refugium senatus,
id. Off. 2, 8, 26:
exsilium non supplicium est, sed perfugium portusque supplicii,
id. Caecin. 34, 100; id. Tusc. 1, 49, 118:
hic portus, haec arx, haec ara sociorum,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 48, § 126; so,
nam mihi parta quies, omnisque in limine portus,
i. e. security is at hand, Verg. A. 7, 598:
venias portus et ara tuis,
Ov. H. 1, 110:
vos eritis nostrae portus et ara fugae,
id. P. 2, 8, 68. —
II.
In the oldest Latinity, a house (as a place which one enters):
portum in XII. pro domo positum omnes fere consentiunt,
Fest. p. 233 Müll.—
* III.
A warehouse:
portus appellatus est conclusus locus, quo importantur merces et inde exportantur,
Dig. 50, 16, 59:
Licini,
Cassiod. Var. 1, 25.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > portus
16 ā

ā (before consonants), ab (before vowels, h, and some consonants, esp. l, n, r, s), abs (usu. only before t and q, esp. freq. before the pron. te), old af, praep. with abl., denoting separation or departure (opp. ad). I. Lit., in space, from, away from, out of. A. With motion: ab urbe proficisci, Cs.: a supero mari Flaminia (est via), leads: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from; with names of cities and small islands, or with domo, home (for the simple abl; of motion, away from, not out of, a place); hence, of raising a siege, of the march of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, etc.: oppidum ab Aeneā fugiente a Troiā conditum: ab Alesiā, Cs.: profectus ab Orico cum classe, Cs.; with names of persons or with pronouns: cum a vobis discessero: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, i. e. from his house, T.; (praegn.): a rege munera repudiare, from, sent by, N.— B. Without motion. 1. Of separation or distance: abesse a domo paulisper maluit: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, S.: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Cs.: a foro longe abesse: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Cs.: cum esset bellum tam prope a Siciliā; so with numerals to express distance: ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo, eight miles distant, Cs.: ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off, Cs.; so rarely with substantives: quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, so far away, Cs.— 2. To denote a side or direction, etc., at, on, in: ab sinistrā parte nudatis castris, on the left, Cs.: ab eā parte, quā, etc., on that side, S.: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, Cs.: ab decumanā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Cs.: crepuit hinc a Glycerio ostium, of the house of G., T.: (cornua) ab labris argento circumcludunt, on the edges, Cs.; hence, a fronte, in the van; a latere, on the flank; a tergo, in the rear, behind; a dextro cornu, on the right wing; a medio spatio, half way.— II. Fig. A. Of time. 1. Of a point of time, after: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, immediately after, Cs.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, S.: recens a volnere Dido, fresh from her wound, V.: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine, i. e. after leaving, L.: ab his, i. e. after these words, hereupon, O.: ab simili <*>ade domo profugus, i. e. after and in consequence of, L.— 2. Of a period of time, from, since, after: ab hora tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour: ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumum annum, since, S.: augures omnes usque ab Romulo, since the time of: iam inde ab infelici pugnā ceciderant animi, from (and in consequence of), L.; hence, ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first: ab integro, anew, afresh: ab... ad, from (a time)... to: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Cs.; with nouns or adjectives denoting a time of life: iam inde a pueritiā, T.: a pueritiā: a pueris: iam inde ab incunabulis, L.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, L.: ab parvulis, Cs.— B. In other relations. 1. To denote separation, deterring, intermitting, distinction, difference, etc., from: quo discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem: propius abesse ab ortu: alter ab illo, next after him, V.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, H.: impotentia animi a temperantiā dissidens: alieno a te animo fuit, estranged; so with adjj. denoting free, strange, pure, etc.: res familiaris casta a cruore civili: purum ab humano cultu solum, L.: (opoidum) vacuum ab defensoribus, Cs.: alqm pudicum servare ab omni facto, etc., II.; with substt.: impunitas ab iudicio: ab armis quies dabatur, L.; or verbs: haec a custodiis loca vacabant, Cs.— 2. To denote the agent, by: qui (Mars) saepe spoliantem iam evertit et perculit ab abiecto, by the agency of: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro: si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, at Caesar's hands, Cs.: vetus umor ab igne percaluit solis, under, O.: a populo P. imperia perferre, Cs.: equo lassus ab indomito, H.: volgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whose hands and upon whose orders? factus ab arte decor, artificial, O.: destitutus ab spe, L.; (for the sake of the metre): correptus ab ignibus, O.; (poet. with abl. of means or instr.): intumuit venter ab undā, O.—Ab with abl. of agent for the dat., to avoid ambiguity, or for emphasis: quibus (civibus) est a vobis consulendum: te a me nostrae consuetudinis monendum esse puto.— 3. To denote source, origin, extraction, from, of: Turnus ab Ariciā, L.: si ego me a M. Tullio esse dicerem: oriundi ab Sabinis, L.: dulces a fontibus undae, V.—With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping (cf. a parte), from, on the part of: a quo quidem genere, iudices, ego numquam timui: nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, L.; (ellipt.): haec a servorum bello pericula, threatened by: quem metus a praetore Romano stimulabat, fear of what the praetor might do, L.—With verbs of paying, etc., solvere, persolvere, dare (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to pay through, by a draft on, etc.: se praetor dedit, a quaestore numeravit, quaestor a mensā publicā, by an order on the quaestor: ei legat pecuniam a filio, to be paid by his son: scribe decem (milia) a Nerio, pay by a draft on Nerius, H.; cognoscere ab aliquā re, to know or learn by means of something (but ab aliquo, from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Cs.; in giving an etymology: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, L.—Rarely with verbs of beginning and repeating: coepere a fame mala, L.: a se suisque orsus, Ta.— 4. With verbs of freeing from, defending, protecting, from, against: ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, L.: provincia a calamitate est defendenda: sustinere se a lapsu, L.— 5. With verbs and adjectives, to define the respect in which, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: orba ab optimatibus contio: mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu, S.: ne ab re sint omissiores, too neglectful of money or property, T.: posse a facundiā, in the matter of eloquence, T.; cf. with laborare, for the simple abl, in, for want of: laborare ab re frumentariā, Cs.— 6. In stating a motive, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: patres ab honore appellati, L.: inops tum urbs ab longinquā obsidione, L.— 7. Indicating a part of the whole, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Cs.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).— 8. Marking that to which anything belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt.— 9. Of a side or party: vide ne hoc totum sit a me, makes for my view: vir ab innocentiā clementissimus, in favor of.—10. In late prose, of an office: ab epistulis, a secretary, Ta. Note. Ab is not repeated with a following pron interrog. or relat.: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum... fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc. It is often separated from the word which it governs: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo: a minus bono, S.: a satis miti principio, L.—The poets join a and que, making āque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, V.: aque mero, O.—In composition, ab- stands before vowels, and h, b, d, i consonant, l, n, r, s; abs- before c, q, t; b is dropped, leaving as- before p; ā- is found in āfuī, āfore ( inf fut. of absum); and au- in auferō, aufugiō.
* * *
I
INTERJ

Ah!; (distress/regret/pity, appeal/entreaty, surprise/joy, objection/contempt)
II
PREP ABL

by (agent), from (departure, cause, remote origin/time); after (reference)
III
PREP ACC

ante, abb. a.

in calendar expression a. d. = ante diem -- before the day

Latin-English dictionary > ā
17 aditus

1.
ădĭtus, a, um, Part. of 1. adeo.
2.
ădĭtus, ūs, m. [1. adeo], a going to, approach, access.
I.
Lit.:
quorum abitu aut aditu,
Lucr. 1, 677:
urbes permultas uno aditu atque adventu esse captas,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8:
quo neque sit ventis aditus,
Verg. G. 4, 9; so id. A. 4, 293, 423 al.—With ad:
aditus ad eum difficilior,
Cic. Att. 15, 8; so id. N. D. 2, 47 fin.; Ov. F. 1, 173; Tac. A. 2, 28.—With in (cf. 1. adeo):
aditus in id sacrarium non est viris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45; so Auct. Or. pro Dom. 42, 110 al.: aditus ad me minime provinciales, which are not made in the manner customary ( with the prœtor), Cic. Att. 1, 2.—
II.
Transf.
A.
The possibility, leave, permission, or right of approaching, or of admittance, access (cf. accessus):
faciles aditus ad eum privatorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 14; so id. Rosc. Am. 38; id. Fam. 6, 13; Nep. Paus. 3; Liv. 41, 23; Hor. S. 1, 9, 56:
homo rari aditūs,
a man rarely accessible, Liv. 24, 5.— Trop.:
si qui mihi erit aditus de tuis fortunis agendi,
Cic. Fam. 6, 10; so Caes. B. G. 5, 41; id. B. C. 1, 31.—
B.
Coner., the place through which one approaches a thing, an entrance, avenue, etc. (opp. abitus; cf.
also accessus): primo aditu vestibuloque prohibere,
Cic. Caecin. 12; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160:
aditus insulae muniti,
id. Att. 4, 16; so id. Phil. 1, 10; Caes. B. G. 4, 20; id. B. C. 2, 16; Liv. 36, 10; Ov. M. 3, 226; id. F. 6, 157; id. H. 18, 44.—Hence trop. (in Cic. very freq.):
quartus aditus ad initia rerum,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 8 Müll.:
aditus ad causam,
Cic. Sull. 2:
vestibula honesta aditusque ad causam illustres facere,
id. Or. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 21, 47; 3, 2; id. Off. 2, 9; id. Font. 5; id. Caecin. 25, 72; id. Agr. 2, 15; id. Att. 2, 17 al.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aditus
18 aperio

ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.
I.
Lit.:
patinas,
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:
apertis lateribus,
Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:
capite aperto esse,
Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;
p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:
caput aperuit,
id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:
capita,
Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:
aperto pectore,
Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:
apertae pectora matres,
id. ib. 13, 688:
ramum,
Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:
dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,
id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:
densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,
Tac. Agr. 38:
lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,
Liv. 3, 15:
novam aciem dies aperuit,
Tac. H. 4, 29:
his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,
opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,
II.
Metaph.
A.
1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:
aperite aliquis ostium,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:
forem aperi,
id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:
fores,
id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:
januas carceris,
Vulg. Act. 5, 19:
fenestram,
ib. Gen. 8, 6:
liquidas vias,
to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:
sucum venis fundere apertis,
to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:
saccum,
Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:
os,
ib. ib. 22, 28:
labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,
ib. Act. 9, 8:
accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,
Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;
6, 3: aperire librum,
Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:
testamentum,
Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:
testamentum resignare,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:
sigillum aperire,
to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:
ferro iter aperiundum est,
Sall. C. 58, 7:
locum... asylum,
to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:
subterraneos specus,
Tac. G. 16:
navigantibus maria,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:
arbor florem aperit,
id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,
aures aperire,
to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—
2.
Trop.:
nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,
Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:
multus apertus cursus ad laudem,
id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:
tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,
id. Fam. 6, 11:
philosophiae fontes,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,
alicujus cor aperire,
ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:
occasionem ad invadendum,
id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:
Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,
Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:
annum,
Verg. G. 1, 217:
contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),
Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:
Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:
fuste aperire caput,
i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—
B.
Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);
most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,
Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:
Syriam,
Tac. A. 2, 70:
omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,
id. H. 4, 64:
novas gentes,
id. Agr. 22:
gentes ac reges,
id. G. 1:
Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,
Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:
Eoas,
id. 4, 352:
pelagus,
Val. Fl. 1, 169.—
C.
Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:
occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:
explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,
id. Or. 33, 116:
alicui scripturas aperire,
Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:
tua probra aperibo omnia,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;
hi partem aperient,
Ter. Ad. prol. 23:
non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:
eo praesente conjurationem aperit,
Sall. C. 40, 6:
naturam et mores,
id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:
lux fugam hostium aperuit,
Liv. 27, 2:
aperiri error poterat,
id. 26, 10:
casus aperire futuros,
to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:
futura aperit,
Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:
tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:
studio aperimur in ipso,
Ov. A. A. 3, 371:
exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,
Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:
cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,
Liv. 44, 28:
domino navis, quis sit, aperit,
Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.
the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,
id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.
A.
Lit.
1.
Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):
naves apertae,
without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:
locus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:
caelo invectus aperto,
Verg. A. 1, 155:
aether,
id. ib. 1, 587:
aperta serena prospicere,
id. G. 1, 393.—
2.
Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):
Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,
since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:
oculi,
id. 4, 339:
oculorum lumine aperto,
id. 4, 1139 et saep.:
nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:
caelum patens atque apertum,
id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:
vidit caelos apertos,
Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:
apertus et propatulus locus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:
iter,
Liv. 31, 2:
apertior aditus ad moenia,
id. 9, 28:
campi,
id. 38, 3:
per apertum limitem (viae),
Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:
fenestrae,
Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:
ostia,
ib. ib. 13, 39:
aequor,
Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:
in aperto,
Lucr. 3, 604:
per apertum fugientes,
Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:
impetum ex aperto facerent,
Liv. 35, 5:
castra in aperto posita,
id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:
volantem in aperto,
Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:
in aperta prodeunt,
id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:
disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,
Tac. A. 2, 23.—
B.
Trop.
1.
a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:
nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,
nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:
cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1:
simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,
id. Manil. 24:
quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?
id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:
quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?
Liv. 41, 24:
non furtim, sed vi aperta,
id. 25, 24:
apertus animi motus,
Quint. 10, 3, 21:
invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,
Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:
multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,
b.
Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,
(α).
To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:
ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,
Sall. J. 5, 3.—
(β).
To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):
agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,
there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:
hostes aggredi in aperto foret,
id. H. 3, 56:
vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,
id. Agr. 33.—
2.
Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:
animus apertus et simplex,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:
pectus,
id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.
I.
In gen.:
tam aperte irridens,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:
ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:
cum Fidenae aperte descissent,
Liv. 1, 27:
aperte quod venale habet ostendit,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:
aperte revelari,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:
non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,
Tac. A. 11, 28:
aperte adulari,
Cic. Am. 26, 99:
aperte mentiri,
id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:
aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,
Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:
cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,
Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:
ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,
Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:
hinc empta apertissime praetura,
Cic. Verr. 1, 100:
equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,
id. Har. Resp. 30:
largiri,
id. ib. 56:
praedari,
id. Verr. 1, 130.—
II.
Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:
nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?
Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:
aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,
Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:
Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?
Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:
narrare,
id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:
scribere,
Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:
Planius atque apertius dicam,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:
distinguere,
Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:
istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:
aliquid apertissime ostendere,
Quint. 5, 12, 11.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aperio
19 aperte

ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.
I.
Lit.:
patinas,
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:
apertis lateribus,
Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:
capite aperto esse,
Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;
p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:
caput aperuit,
id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:
capita,
Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:
aperto pectore,
Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:
apertae pectora matres,
id. ib. 13, 688:
ramum,
Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:
dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,
id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:
densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,
Tac. Agr. 38:
lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,
Liv. 3, 15:
novam aciem dies aperuit,
Tac. H. 4, 29:
his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,
opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,
II.
Metaph.
A.
1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:
aperite aliquis ostium,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:
forem aperi,
id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:
fores,
id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:
januas carceris,
Vulg. Act. 5, 19:
fenestram,
ib. Gen. 8, 6:
liquidas vias,
to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:
sucum venis fundere apertis,
to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:
saccum,
Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:
os,
ib. ib. 22, 28:
labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,
ib. Act. 9, 8:
accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,
Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;
6, 3: aperire librum,
Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:
testamentum,
Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:
testamentum resignare,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:
sigillum aperire,
to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:
ferro iter aperiundum est,
Sall. C. 58, 7:
locum... asylum,
to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:
subterraneos specus,
Tac. G. 16:
navigantibus maria,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:
arbor florem aperit,
id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,
aures aperire,
to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—
2.
Trop.:
nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,
Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:
multus apertus cursus ad laudem,
id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:
tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,
id. Fam. 6, 11:
philosophiae fontes,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,
alicujus cor aperire,
ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:
occasionem ad invadendum,
id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:
Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,
Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:
annum,
Verg. G. 1, 217:
contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),
Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:
Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:
fuste aperire caput,
i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—
B.
Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);
most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,
Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:
Syriam,
Tac. A. 2, 70:
omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,
id. H. 4, 64:
novas gentes,
id. Agr. 22:
gentes ac reges,
id. G. 1:
Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,
Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:
Eoas,
id. 4, 352:
pelagus,
Val. Fl. 1, 169.—
C.
Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:
occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:
explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,
id. Or. 33, 116:
alicui scripturas aperire,
Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:
tua probra aperibo omnia,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;
hi partem aperient,
Ter. Ad. prol. 23:
non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:
eo praesente conjurationem aperit,
Sall. C. 40, 6:
naturam et mores,
id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:
lux fugam hostium aperuit,
Liv. 27, 2:
aperiri error poterat,
id. 26, 10:
casus aperire futuros,
to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:
futura aperit,
Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:
tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:
studio aperimur in ipso,
Ov. A. A. 3, 371:
exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,
Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:
cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,
Liv. 44, 28:
domino navis, quis sit, aperit,
Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.
the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,
id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.
A.
Lit.
1.
Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):
naves apertae,
without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:
locus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:
caelo invectus aperto,
Verg. A. 1, 155:
aether,
id. ib. 1, 587:
aperta serena prospicere,
id. G. 1, 393.—
2.
Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):
Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,
since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:
oculi,
id. 4, 339:
oculorum lumine aperto,
id. 4, 1139 et saep.:
nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:
caelum patens atque apertum,
id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:
vidit caelos apertos,
Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:
apertus et propatulus locus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:
iter,
Liv. 31, 2:
apertior aditus ad moenia,
id. 9, 28:
campi,
id. 38, 3:
per apertum limitem (viae),
Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:
fenestrae,
Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:
ostia,
ib. ib. 13, 39:
aequor,
Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:
in aperto,
Lucr. 3, 604:
per apertum fugientes,
Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:
impetum ex aperto facerent,
Liv. 35, 5:
castra in aperto posita,
id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:
volantem in aperto,
Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:
in aperta prodeunt,
id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:
disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,
Tac. A. 2, 23.—
B.
Trop.
1.
a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:
nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,
nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:
cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1:
simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,
id. Manil. 24:
quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?
id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:
quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?
Liv. 41, 24:
non furtim, sed vi aperta,
id. 25, 24:
apertus animi motus,
Quint. 10, 3, 21:
invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,
Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:
multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,
b.
Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,
(α).
To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:
ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,
Sall. J. 5, 3.—
(β).
To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):
agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,
there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:
hostes aggredi in aperto foret,
id. H. 3, 56:
vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,
id. Agr. 33.—
2.
Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:
animus apertus et simplex,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:
pectus,
id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.
I.
In gen.:
tam aperte irridens,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:
ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:
cum Fidenae aperte descissent,
Liv. 1, 27:
aperte quod venale habet ostendit,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:
aperte revelari,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:
non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,
Tac. A. 11, 28:
aperte adulari,
Cic. Am. 26, 99:
aperte mentiri,
id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:
aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,
Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:
cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,
Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:
ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,
Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:
hinc empta apertissime praetura,
Cic. Verr. 1, 100:
equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,
id. Har. Resp. 30:
largiri,
id. ib. 56:
praedari,
id. Verr. 1, 130.—
II.
Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:
nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?
Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:
aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,
Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:
Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?
Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:
narrare,
id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:
scribere,
Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:
Planius atque apertius dicam,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:
distinguere,
Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:
istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:
aliquid apertissime ostendere,
Quint. 5, 12, 11.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aperte
20 Bellona

Bellōna (old form Duellōna; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 49 Müll., and the letter B), ae. f. [Bellona a bello nunc, quae Duellona a duello, Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Müll.]: 'Enuô, 'Erinnus, thea polemikê, Gloss., the goddess of war, sister of Mars, whose temple, built by Appius Claudius Cœcus (Inscr. Orell. 539). in the ninth district of the city, was situated not far from the Circus Maximus, Publ. Vict. Descr. Urb.— A place of assemblage for the Senate for proceedings with persons who were not allowed entrance into the city, Liv. 26, 21, 1; 28, 9, 5; 30, 21, 12 al.; Verg. A. 8, 703; Hor. S. 2, 3, 223: Bellona dicebatur dea bellorum, ante cujus templum erat columella, quae Bellica vocabatur, super quam hastam jaciebant, cum bellum indicebatur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 33 Müll.; cf. Ov. F. 6, 201 sq.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 53: cos. SENATVM. CONSOLVERVNT. N. OCTOB. APVD. AEDEM. DVELONAI., S. C. Bacch., v. Append.; Plaut. Am. prol. 43; Ov. M. 5, 155; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1313; Claud. in Prob. et Olybr. Cons. 121; id. in Ruf. 1, 342; 2, 263; id. IV. Cons. Hon. 12; Eutr. 1, 314; 2, 110; 2, 145; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 371; id. B. Get. 34; 466; Petr. 124, 256; Inscr. Orell. 1903; 2316. Her priests (turba entheata Bellonae, Mart. 12, 57, 11: Bellōnārii, ōrum, Acron. ad Hor. S. 2, 3, 223 dub.) and priestesses were accustomed, in their mystic festivals. especially on the 20th of March (hence dies sanguinis, Treb. Claud. 6; cf. Inscr. Orell. 2318), to gash their arms and shoulders with knives, and thus to offer their blood, Tib. 1, 6, 45 sq.; Juv. 4, 123; Luc. 1, 565; Tert. Apol. 9; Lact. 1, 21, 16; Min. Fel. Oct. 30, 5.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Bellona

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